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【Netty】如何接入新連接

entner / 697人閱讀

摘要:而這個(gè)正是它是的內(nèi)部類,同時(shí)繼承自。獲取最近的并依次執(zhí)行其方法進(jìn)入頭部,并且最終更改了向注冊(cè)了讀事件參考文章總結(jié)如何接入新連接基本流程如上所述,如果有誤,還望各位指正。

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前文再續(xù),書接上一回【NioEventLoop】。
在研究NioEventLoop執(zhí)行過程的時(shí)候,檢測(cè)IO事件(包括新連接),處理IO事件,執(zhí)行所有任務(wù)三個(gè)過程。其中檢測(cè)IO事件中通過持有的selector去輪詢事件,檢測(cè)出新連接。這里復(fù)用同一段代碼。

Channel的設(shè)計(jì)

在開始分析前,先了解一下Channel的設(shè)計(jì)

頂層Channel接口定義了socket事件如讀、寫、連接、綁定等事件,并使用AbstractChannel作為骨架實(shí)現(xiàn)了這些方法。查看器成員變量,發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)通用的組件,都被定義在這里

第二層AbstractNioChannel定義了以NIO,即Selector的方式進(jìn)行讀寫事件的監(jiān)聽。其成員變量保存了selector相關(guān)的一些屬性。

第三層內(nèi)容比較多,定義了服務(wù)端channel(左邊繼承了AbstractNioMessageChannel的NioServerSocketChannel)以及客戶端channel(右邊繼承了AbstractNioByteChannel的NioSocketChannel)。

如何接入新連接?

本文開始探索一下Netty是如何接入新連接?主要分為四個(gè)部分

1.檢測(cè)新連接
2.創(chuàng)建NioSocketChannel
3.分配線程和注冊(cè)Selector
4.向Selector注冊(cè)讀事件
1.檢測(cè)新連接

Netty服務(wù)端在啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候會(huì)綁定一個(gè)bossGroup,即NioEventLoop,在bind()綁定端口的時(shí)候注冊(cè)accept(新連接接入)事件。掃描到該事件后,便處理。因此入口從:NioEventLoop#processSelectedKeys()開始。

 private void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) {
        final AbstractNioChannel.NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe();
        //省略代碼
        // Also check for readOps of 0 to workaround possible JDK bug which may otherwise lead
        // to a spin loop
        //如果當(dāng)前NioEventLoop是workGroup 則可能是OP_READ,bossGroup是OP_ACCEPT
        if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {

            //新連接接入以及讀事件處理入口
            unsafe.read();
        }
      }

關(guān)鍵的新連接接入以及讀事件處理入口unsafe.read();

a).這里的unsafe是在Channel創(chuàng)建過程的時(shí)候,調(diào)用了父類AbstractChannel#AbstractChannel()的構(gòu)造方法,和pipeline一起初始化的。

  protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) {
        this.parent = parent;
        id = newId();
        unsafe = newUnsafe();
        pipeline = newChannelPipeline();
    }

服務(wù)端:
unsafe 為NioServerSockeChannel的父類AbstractNioMessageChannel#newUnsafe()創(chuàng)建,可以看到對(duì)應(yīng)的是AbstractNioMessageChannel的內(nèi)部類NioMessageUnsafe;

客戶端:
unsafe為NioSocketChannel的的父類AbstractNioUnsafe#newUnsafe()創(chuàng)建的話,它對(duì)應(yīng)的是AbstractNioByteChannel的內(nèi)部類NioByteUnsafe

b).unsafe.read()

NioMessageUnsafe.read()中主要的操作如下:

1.循環(huán)調(diào)用jdk底層的代碼創(chuàng)建channel,并用netty的NioSocketChannel包裝起來,代表新連接成功接入一個(gè)通道。
2.將所有獲取到的channel存儲(chǔ)到一個(gè)容器當(dāng)中,檢測(cè)接入的連接數(shù),默認(rèn)是一次接16個(gè)連接
3.遍歷容器中的channel,依次調(diào)用方法fireChannelRead,4.fireChannelReadComplete,fireExceptionCaught來觸發(fā)對(duì)應(yīng)的傳播事件。
private final class NioMessageUnsafe extends AbstractNioUnsafe {
        //臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)讀到的連接
        private final List readBuf = new ArrayList();

        @Override
        public void read() {
            assert eventLoop().inEventLoop();
            final ChannelConfig config = config();
            final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();

            //服務(wù)端接入速率處理器
            final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = unsafe().recvBufAllocHandle();
            allocHandle.reset(config);

            boolean closed = false;
            Throwable exception = null;
            try {
                try {
                    //while循環(huán)調(diào)用doReadMessages()創(chuàng)建新連接對(duì)象
                    do {
                        //獲取jdk底層的channel,并加入readBuf容器
                        int localRead = doReadMessages(readBuf);
                        if (localRead == 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        if (localRead < 0) {
                            closed = true;
                            break;
                        }
                        //把讀到的連接做一個(gè)累加totalMessages,默認(rèn)最多累計(jì)讀取16個(gè)連接,結(jié)束循環(huán)
                        allocHandle.incMessagesRead(localRead);
                        
                    } while (allocHandle.continueReading());
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    exception = t;
                }
                
                //觸發(fā)readBuf容器內(nèi)所有的傳播事件:ChannelRead 讀事件
                int size = readBuf.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
                    readPending = false;
                    pipeline.fireChannelRead(readBuf.get(i));
                }
                //清空容器
                readBuf.clear();
                allocHandle.readComplete();
                //觸發(fā)傳播事件:ChannelReadComplete,所有的讀事件完成
                pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();

                if (exception != null) {
                    closed = closeOnReadError(exception);
                    //觸發(fā)傳播事件:exceptionCaught,觸發(fā)異常
                    pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(exception);
                }

                if (closed) {
                    inputShutdown = true;
                    if (isOpen()) {
                        close(voidPromise());
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                // Check if there is a readPending which was not processed yet.
                // This could be for two reasons:
                // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelRead(...) method
                // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelReadComplete(...) method
                //
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2254
                if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
                    removeReadOp();
                }
            }
        }
    }

而這一段關(guān)鍵代碼邏輯中 int localRead = doReadMessages(readBuf);它創(chuàng)建jdk底層channel并且用NioSocketChannel包裝起來,將該channel添加到傳入的容器保存起來,同時(shí)返回一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)。

protected int doReadMessages(List buf) throws Exception {
        SocketChannel ch = SocketUtils.accept(javaChannel());

        try {
            if (ch != null) {
  //將jdk底層的channel封裝到netty的channel,并存儲(chǔ)到傳入的容器當(dāng)中
                //this為服務(wù)端channel
                buf.add(new NioSocketChannel(this, ch));
 //成功和創(chuàng)建 客戶端接入的一條通道,并返回
                return 1;
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            logger.warn("Failed to create a new channel from an accepted socket.", t);

            try {
                ch.close();
            } catch (Throwable t2) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close a socket.", t2);
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }
2.創(chuàng)建NioSocketChannel

通過檢測(cè)IO事件輪詢新連接,當(dāng)前成功檢測(cè)到連接接入事件之后,會(huì)調(diào)用NioServerSocketChannel#doReadMessages()方法,進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建NioSocketChannel,即客戶端channel的過程。

下面就來了解一下NioSocketChannel的主要工作:
.查看原代碼做了兩件事,調(diào)用父類構(gòu)造方法,實(shí)例化一個(gè)NioSocketChannelConfig。

public NioSocketChannel(Channel parent, SocketChannel socket) {
        super(parent, socket);
        //實(shí)例化一個(gè)NioSocketChannelConfig
        config = new NioSocketChannelConfig(this, socket.socket());
    }

1)、查看NioSocketChannel父類構(gòu)造方法,主要是保存客戶端注冊(cè)的讀事件、channel為成員變量,以及設(shè)置阻塞模式為非阻塞。

 public NioSocketChannel(Channel parent, SocketChannel socket) {
        super(parent, socket);
        //實(shí)例化一個(gè)NioSocketChannelConfig
        config = new NioSocketChannelConfig(this, socket.socket());
    }
    protected AbstractNioByteChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch) {
        //傳入感興趣的讀事件:客戶端channel的讀事件
        super(parent, ch, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
    }

    protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
        super(parent);
        //保存客戶端channel為成員變量
        this.ch = ch;
        //保存感興趣的讀事件為成員變量
        this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
        try {
            //配置阻塞模式為非阻塞
            ch.configureBlocking(false);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            try {
                ch.close();
            } catch (IOException e2) {
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    logger.warn(
                            "Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", e2);
                }
            }

            throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", e);
        }
    }

最后調(diào)用父類的構(gòu)造方法,是設(shè)置該客戶端channel對(duì)應(yīng)的服務(wù)端channel,以及channel的id和兩大組件unsafe和pipeline

 protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) {
        //parent為創(chuàng)建次客戶端channel的服務(wù)端channel(服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)過程中通過反射創(chuàng)建的)
        this.parent = parent;
        id = newId();
        unsafe = newUnsafe();
        pipeline = newChannelPipeline();
    }

2)、再看NioSocketChannelConfig實(shí)例化。主要是保存了javaSocket,并且通過setTcpNoDelay(true);禁止了tcp的Nagle算法,目的是為了盡量讓小的數(shù)據(jù)包整合成大的發(fā)送出去,降低延時(shí).

 private NioSocketChannelConfig(NioSocketChannel channel, Socket javaSocket) {
            super(channel, javaSocket);
            calculateMaxBytesPerGatheringWrite();
        }

    public DefaultSocketChannelConfig(SocketChannel channel, Socket javaSocket) {
        super(channel);
        if (javaSocket == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("javaSocket");
        }
        //保存socket
        this.javaSocket = javaSocket;

        // Enable TCP_NODELAY by default if possible.
        if (PlatformDependent.canEnableTcpNoDelayByDefault()) {
            try {
                //禁止Nagle算法,目的是為了讓小的數(shù)據(jù)包盡量集合成大的數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送出去
                setTcpNoDelay(true);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // Ignore.
            }
        }
    }
3.分配線程和注冊(cè)Selector

服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)初始化的時(shí)候ServerBootstrap#init(),主要做了一些參數(shù)的配置。其中對(duì)于childGroup,childOptions,childAttrs,childHandler等參數(shù)被進(jìn)行了多帶帶配置。作為參數(shù)和ServerBootstrapAcceptor一起,被當(dāng)作一個(gè)特殊的handle,封裝到pipeline中。ServerBootstrapAcceptor中的eventLoopworkGroup。

public class ServerBootstrap extends AbstractBootstrap {
  //省略了很多代碼.............
    @Override
    void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {

        //配置AbstractBootstrap.option
        final Map, Object> options = options0();
        synchronized (options) {
            setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);
        }

        //配置AbstractBootstrap.attr
        final Map, Object> attrs = attrs0();
        synchronized (attrs) {
            for (Entry, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                AttributeKey key = (AttributeKey) e.getKey();
                channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
            }
        }
        //配置pipeline
        ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();

        //獲取ServerBootstrapAcceptor配置參數(shù)
        final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
        final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;

        final Entry, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
        final Entry, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
        synchronized (childOptions) {
            currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0));
        }
        synchronized (childAttrs) {
            currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0));
        }

        p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer() {
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                //配置AbstractBootstrap.handler
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }

                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        //配置ServerBootstrapAcceptor,作為Handle緊跟HeadContext
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

//省略了很多代碼.............
}

可見,整個(gè)服務(wù)端pipeline的結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示。bossGroup控制IO事件的檢測(cè)與處理,整個(gè)bossGroup對(duì)應(yīng)的pipeline只包括頭(HeadContext)尾(TailContext)以及中部的ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor。

當(dāng)新連接接入的時(shí)候AbstractNioMessageChannel.NioMessageUnsafe#read()方法被調(diào)用,最終調(diào)用fireChannelRead(),方法來觸發(fā)下一個(gè)Handler的channelRead方法。而這個(gè)Handler正是ServerBootstrapAcceptor

它是ServerBootstrap的內(nèi)部類,同時(shí)繼承自ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter。也是一個(gè)ChannelInboundHandler。其中channelRead主要做了以下幾件事。

1.為客戶端channel的pipeline添加childHandler
2.設(shè)置客戶端TCP相關(guān)屬性childOptions和自定義屬性childAttrs
3.workGroup選擇NioEventLoop并注冊(cè)Selector

1)、為客戶端channel的pipeline添加childHandler

private static class ServerBootstrapAcceptor extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

        private final EventLoopGroup childGroup;
        private final ChannelHandler childHandler;
        private final Entry, Object>[] childOptions;
        private final Entry, Object>[] childAttrs;
        private final Runnable enableAutoReadTask;

        ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                final Channel channel, EventLoopGroup childGroup, ChannelHandler childHandler,
                Entry, Object>[] childOptions, Entry, Object>[] childAttrs) {
            this.childGroup = childGroup;
            this.childHandler = childHandler;
            this.childOptions = childOptions;
            this.childAttrs = childAttrs;

       //省略了一些代碼。。。。。 
        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
            //該channel為客戶端接入時(shí)創(chuàng)建的channel
            final Channel child = (Channel) msg;

            //添加childHandler
            child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);

            //設(shè)置TCP相關(guān)屬性:childOptions
            setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);

            //設(shè)置自定義屬性:childAttrs
            for (Entry, Object> e: childAttrs) {
                child.attr((AttributeKey) e.getKey()).set(e.getValue());
            }

            try {
                //選擇NioEventLoop并注冊(cè)Selector
                childGroup.register(child)
                        .addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                        if (!future.isSuccess()) {
                            forceClose(child, future.cause());
                        }
                    }
                });
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                forceClose(child, t);
            }
        }
      //省略了一些代碼。。。。。
    }

客戶端channel的pipeline添加childHandler,在服務(wù)端EchoServer創(chuàng)建流程中,childHandler的時(shí)候,使用了ChannelInitializer的一個(gè)自定義實(shí)例。并且覆蓋了其initChannel方法,改方法獲取到pipeline并添加具體的Handler。查看ChannelInitializer具體的添加邏輯,handlerAdded方法。其實(shí)在initChannel邏輯中,首先是回調(diào)到用戶代碼執(zhí)行initChannel,用戶代碼執(zhí)行添加Handler的添加操作,之后將ChannelInitializer自己從pipeline中刪除。

public abstract class ChannelInitializer extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

 @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        if (ctx.channel().isRegistered()) {
            // This should always be true with our current DefaultChannelPipeline implementation.
            // The good thing about calling initChannel(...) in handlerAdded(...) is that there will be no ordering
            // surprises if a ChannelInitializer will add another ChannelInitializer. This is as all handlers
            // will be added in the expected order.

            //初始化Channel
            if (initChannel(ctx)) {

                // We are done with init the Channel, removing the initializer now.
                removeState(ctx);
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean initChannel(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        if (initMap.add(ctx)) { // Guard against re-entrance.
            try {
                //回調(diào)到用戶代碼
                initChannel((C) ctx.channel());
            } catch (Throwable cause) {
                // Explicitly call exceptionCaught(...) as we removed the handler before calling initChannel(...).
                // We do so to prevent multiple calls to initChannel(...).
                exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
            } finally {
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = ctx.pipeline();
                if (pipeline.context(this) != null) {
                    //刪除本身
                    pipeline.remove(this);
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

}

2)、設(shè)置客戶端TCP相關(guān)屬性childOptions和自定義屬性childAttrs
這點(diǎn)在ServerBootstrapAcceptor#init()方法中已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)

3)、workGroup選擇NioEventLoop并注冊(cè)Selector
這要從AbstractBootstrap#initAndRegister()方法開始,然后跟蹤源碼會(huì)來到AbstractUnsafe#register()方法

 protected abstract class AbstractUnsafe implements Unsafe {
      //省略了一些代碼。。。。。
  @Override
        public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
            if (eventLoop == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException("eventLoop");
            }
            if (isRegistered()) {
                promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("registered to an event loop already"));
                return;
            }
            if (!isCompatible(eventLoop)) {
                promise.setFailure(
                        new IllegalStateException("incompatible event loop type: " + eventLoop.getClass().getName()));
                return;
            }

            AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;

            if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
                register0(promise);
            } else {
                try {
                    eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            register0(promise);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    logger.warn(
                            "Force-closing a channel whose registration task was not accepted by an event loop: {}",
                            AbstractChannel.this, t);
                    closeForcibly();
                    closeFuture.setClosed();
                    safeSetFailure(promise, t);
                }
            }
        }
      //省略了一些代碼。。。。。
}

最后調(diào)用AbstractNioUnsafe#doRegister()方法通過jdk的javaChannel().register完成注冊(cè)功能。

    protected abstract class AbstractNioUnsafe extends AbstractUnsafe implements NioUnsafe {
      //省略了一些代碼。。。。。
  @Override
    protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
        boolean selected = false;
        for (;;) {
            try {
                selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
                return;
            } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
                if (!selected) {
                    // Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be
                    // cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet.
                    eventLoop().selectNow();
                    selected = true;
                } else {
                    // We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached
                    // for whatever reason. JDK bug ?
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }
    }
      //省略了一些代碼。。。。。
}
4.向Selector注冊(cè)讀事件

a)、入口:ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor#channelRead()#childGroup.register();

  public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
            final Channel child = (Channel) msg;

            child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);

            setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);

            for (Entry, Object> e: childAttrs) {
                child.attr((AttributeKey) e.getKey()).set(e.getValue());
            }

            try {
                childGroup.register(child).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                        if (!future.isSuccess()) {
                            forceClose(child, future.cause());
                        }
                    }
                });
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                forceClose(child, t);
            }
        }

b)、實(shí)際上調(diào)用了AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#register0(),觸發(fā)了通道激活事件;

  //觸發(fā)通道激活事件,調(diào)用HeadContent的
   pipeline.fireChannelActive();

c)、pipeline的頭部開始,即DefaultChannelPipeline.HeadContext#channelActive()從而觸發(fā)了readIfIsAutoRead();

 @Override
  public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
            ctx.fireChannelActive();

            readIfIsAutoRead();
  }

d)、讀事件將從尾部的TailContent#read()被觸發(fā),從而依次執(zhí)行ctx.read(),從尾部開始,每個(gè)outboundHandler的read()事件都被觸發(fā)。直到頭部。

  @Override
    public final ChannelPipeline read() {
        tail.read();
        return this;
    }


    @Override
    public ChannelHandlerContext read() {
        //獲取最近的outboundhandler
        final AbstractChannelHandlerContext next = findContextOutbound();
        EventExecutor executor = next.executor();

        //并依次執(zhí)行其read方法
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
            next.invokeRead();
        } else {
            Tasks tasks = next.invokeTasks;
            if (tasks == null) {
                next.invokeTasks = tasks = new Tasks(next);
            }
            executor.execute(tasks.invokeReadTask);
        }

        return this;
    }

e)、進(jìn)入頭部HeadContext#read(),并且最終更改了selectionKey,向selector注冊(cè)了讀事件

HeadContext#read()

       @Override
        public void read(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
            unsafe.beginRead();
        }

AbstractChannel#beginRead()

  @Override
        public final void beginRead() {
            assertEventLoop();

            if (!isActive()) {
                return;
            }

            try {
                doBeginRead();
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(e);
                    }
                });
                close(voidPromise());
            }
        }

AbstractNioMessageChannel#doBeginRead

  @Override
    protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
        if (inputShutdown) {
            return;
        }
        super.doBeginRead();
    }

AbstractNioChannel#doBeginRead()

  @Override
    protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
        // Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
        final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
        if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
            return;
        }

        readPending = true;

        final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
        if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
            selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
        }
    }

參考文章:
Jorgezhong

總結(jié)

Netty如何接入新連接基本流程如上所述,如果有誤,還望各位指正。建議先從前兩篇看起比較好理解點(diǎn)。

【Netty】服務(wù)端和客戶端
學(xué)習(xí)NioEventLoop

最后

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