django基礎(chǔ)（一）

williamwen1986 發(fā)布于2019-08-02 11:57 / 2840人閱讀

摘要：基礎(chǔ)一項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)建和啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目容器是實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目包配置文件路由文件實(shí)用的命令行工具數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置文件更改服務(wù)啟動(dòng)新建項(xiàng)目方法一方法二和的區(qū)別一個(gè)項(xiàng)目下有多個(gè)一對(duì)多的關(guān)系配置注冊(cè)視圖函數(shù)視圖函數(shù)配置配置啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目對(duì)象是在這個(gè)模塊中是有創(chuàng)建官方文檔常

django基礎(chǔ)-（一） 項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)建和啟動(dòng)

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost ~]$ cd /vagrant/
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ django-admin startproject devops
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ tree devops/
devops/      #項(xiàng)目容器
├── devops     #是實(shí)際的python項(xiàng)目包
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py   #配置文件
│ ├── urls.py     #路由文件
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py     #實(shí)用的命令行工具
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ vim devops/devops/settings.py    #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置文件更改
DATABASES = {
   "default": {
       "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
       "NAME": "devops",
       "USER": "root",
       "PASSWORD": "123456",
       "HOST": "localhost",
       "PORT": 3306,
          "OPTIONS":{
           "init_command": "SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;",
           },
    }
}

服務(wù)啟動(dòng)

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py runserver 0:8000

新建項(xiàng)目

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py startapp dashboard     #方法一
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ django-admin startapp dashboard1           #方法二

startproject和startapp的區(qū)別

一個(gè)項(xiàng)目下有多個(gè)app（一對(duì)多的關(guān)系）

配置url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
urlpatterns = [
]

注冊(cè)app

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "dashboard"
]

hello world

視圖函數(shù)

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
#視圖函數(shù)
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("hello world")

配置app url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",index,name="index")
]

配置project url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
    url(r"^dashboard/",include("dashboard.urls"))
]

啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000

HttpRequest對(duì)象

是在django.http這個(gè)模塊中

是有django創(chuàng)建

官方文檔docs

常用的屬性：

request.body     -----b""
request.scheme    -----http
request.path        ----  /dashboard/
request.method   --- GET
request.GET
request.POST
request.META

HttpResponse對(duì)象

HttpResponse:返回字符串

JsonResponse:返回字典，注意safe=False是針對(duì)于列表類型

GET與POST請(qǐng)求

- GET
request.GET
request.GET.get("xx")
request.GET.getlist("oo")
- POST
request.GET
request.GET.get("xx")
request.GET.getlist("oo")

Querydict

In [1]: from django.http import QueryDict                                                                  
In [2]: QueryDict("aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx")                                                                    
Out[2]: 
In [3]: q = QueryDict("aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx")                                                         
In [4]: QueryDict.fromkeys(["a","b","a"],value="val")                                                      
Out[4]: 
In [5]: q                                                                                                  
Out[5]: 
In [6]: q.dict()                                                                                           
Out[6]: {"aa": "bb", "cc": "xxx"}
In [7]: q.urlencode()                                                                                      
Out[7]: "aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx"

DELETE&PUT請(qǐng)求

請(qǐng)求返回都在request.body中

視圖函數(shù)

def index_2(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        print("request get =",request.GET)
        data = request.GET.copy()
        data["aa"] = "xxxxxx"
        print("data =",data)
        print("aa =",request.GET.get("aa"))       #取出單個(gè)值
        print("cc =",request.GET.getlist("cc"))   #取出多個(gè)值
    elif request.method == "POST":
        print("request post =",request.POST)
        print("aa =",request.POST.get("aa"))
        print("cc =",request.POST.getlist("cc"))

    elif request.method == "DELETE":
        print("delete=",QueryDict(request.body))

    elif request.method == "PUT":
        print("put=",QueryDict(request.body))

    return HttpResponse("")

請(qǐng)求方式：

In [1]: import requests                                                                             
In [2]: url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/"    
In [3]: data = {}                                                                                         
In [4]: data["aa"] = "bb"                                                                              
In [5]: data["cc"] = ["dd","ee"]      
In [9]: requests.delete(url,data=data)                                                     Out[9]: 
In [10]: requests.put(url,data=data)                                                         Out[10]:

用戶登錄練習(xí)

視圖函數(shù)

def login(request):
    msg = ""
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
        if username == "admin" and userpass == "123456":
            msg = "login success"
        else:
             msg = "login failed"
    else:
         msg = "請(qǐng)求方法不被允許！"
     returnHttpResponse(msg)

post請(qǐng)求方法

In [11]: url = "http://192.168.33.10/login/"                                       
In [12]: data = {}                                                                                       
In [13]: data["username"] = "admin"                                                         
In [14]: data["userpass"] = "123456"   
In [16]: r = requests.post(url,data)  
In [18]: r.content.decode("utf8")

用戶創(chuàng)建

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py dbshell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py showmigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
-----------------------------------創(chuàng)建用戶--------------------------------------
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User                                                        
In [2]: User.objects.create_user("wanghui","[email protected]","123456")      #創(chuàng)建普通用戶
In [3]: User.objects.create_superuser("admin","[email protected]","123456")                  #創(chuàng)建超級(jí)管理員

---------修改密碼-------------------------------------------------------

In [5]: u = User.objects.get(username="wanghui")                                                           
In [6]: u.set_password("654321")                                                                           
In [7]: u.save()

---------刪除用戶----------------------------

用戶登錄

步驟：
一個(gè)視圖

GET請(qǐng)求：展示登陸頁(yè)面
POST請(qǐng)求：執(zhí)行用戶登陸
                   1. 接收用戶post過(guò)來(lái)的用戶名密碼
                    2. 驗(yàn)證用戶名密碼
                    3. 返回結(jié)果

視圖函數(shù)

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate
def LoginView(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
        # try:
        # User.objects.get(username=username)
        # except User.DoesNotExist:
        # return HttpResponse("用戶不存在！")
        user = authenticate(request,username=username,password=userpass)
        if user is not None:
            login(request,user)
            return HttpResponse("用戶登錄成功")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("用戶登錄失敗")
    return render(request, "login.html")

模板文件

路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.index,name="index"),
    url(r"^index2/$",views.index_1,name="index_1"),
    url(r"^login/$",views.loginv1,name="login"),
    url(r"^loginv2/$",views.LoginView,name="loginv2"),
]

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django基礎(chǔ)（一）

用戶登錄練習(xí)

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