摘要：常用工具后面的三個(gè)工具無(wú)法安裝，原因目前不知，后面用來(lái)時(shí)再尋找解決方法是一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)大的加密解密對(duì)于信息的加密和破解是需要經(jīng)常用到的在下，安裝報(bào)錯(cuò)后，需要安裝一個(gè)的軟件即可，詳細(xì)看安裝的報(bào)錯(cuò)信息在下，發(fā)現(xiàn)找不到此發(fā)現(xiàn)只在系統(tǒng)下才自帶有此模

#后面的三個(gè)工具無(wú)法安裝，原因目前不知，后面用來(lái)時(shí)再尋找解決方法
pip install python-nmap python-bluez bluetooth python obexftp

#pycrypto是一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)大的加密解密module,對(duì)于信息的加密和破解是需要經(jīng)常用到的
pip install pycrypto   #在windows下，安裝報(bào)錯(cuò)后，需要安裝一個(gè)VCForPython27.msi的軟件即可，詳細(xì)看安裝的報(bào)錯(cuò)信息

#在windows下import crypt，發(fā)現(xiàn)找不到此module,發(fā)現(xiàn)只在linux系統(tǒng)下Python才自帶有此模塊
crypt.crypt(word, salt) #這個(gè)module只有這一個(gè)函數(shù)

#導(dǎo)入自己寫(xiě)的module
import sys
sys.path.append("C:/pyqt/chap02") #把我們寫(xiě)的module路徑添加到了path路徑，這里我們就可以import自己寫(xiě)的module了

#data type 
port=23
banner="hello hacker"
type(port)
type(banner)
banner.upper()
banner.lower()
banner.replace("old","new")
banner.find("hacker")

#list 
portlist=[]
portlist.append(22)
portlist.append(80)
print portlist
portlist.sort() #對(duì)portlist進(jìn)行排序 
pos=portlist.index(80)
portlist.remove(443)
print portlist
cnt=len(portlist)

#dictionary
services={"ftp":21,"ssh":22,"smtp":25,"http":80}
services.keys() # return list
services.items()  #change to tuple couple
services.has_key("ftp")  #true or false
services["ftp"]  # return value

import socket
socket.setdefaulttimeout(2) #2秒時(shí)長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有收到想要的數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度，就返回了socket.timeout 異常
s=socket.socket() #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)socket對(duì)象
s.connect(("8.8.8.8",21))
ans=s.recv(1024) #從服務(wù)器接收 1024個(gè)數(shù)據(jù) ，如果在2秒內(nèi)，沒(méi)有接收完，就會(huì)返回 socket.timeo9ut異常 
    

try:
    3/0
except:
    print "3/0 is illegal"

#下面是除0后，得到的ZeroDivisionError
>>> 3/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

#異常處理可以保證，程序出錯(cuò)后，自動(dòng)處理錯(cuò)誤，程序可以接著運(yùn)行下
#沒(méi)有異常處理，程序會(huì)由于這些異常直接退出
    
#查看異常類型：
try:
    15/0
except Exception, e:
    print "Error"+str(e)
        
    
#socket中使用異常處理
import socket
socket.setdefaulttimeout(2)
s=socket.socket()
try:
    s.connect(("8.8.8.8",21))  #  成功后，不會(huì)運(yùn)行except部分
except Exception,e:
    print "error"+str(e)       #  connect失敗后，會(huì)運(yùn)行這部分代碼

import socket
def abc(arg1,arg2):
    try:
            socket.setdefaulttimeout(2)
            xxx
            return 
    except:
            return 
def main():
        xxx

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()  

portList=[21,22,25,80,110]
for x in range (1,255):
    for port in  portList:
        print "Checkingt 192.168.1"+str(x)+":"+str(port)
        
#文件的行讀取
f=open("hello.txt","r")
for line in f.readlines():
    if line.strip("
") in banner:  #從文件中讀取到的行內(nèi)容是否有用 
         print "xxxx"

import sys
if len(sys.argv)==2:
    filename=sys.argv[1]
    print "filename"+filename
    
import os
if not os.path.isfile(filename)
    pirnt filename+" does not exist"
    return 
if not os.access(filename,os.R_OK):  #chmod 000 a.txt  后，就無(wú)法access
    print filename+" access denied"
    return 

import sys
if sys.version_info[:2] <(2,4): #小于2.4的版本沒(méi)有sorted這個(gè)函數(shù)，那么我們自己寫(xiě)一個(gè)，用自己的
    def sorted(items):
        xxx
        xxx
        return items

#運(yùn)行過(guò)程：
#先try,輸出 hello ahc,然后運(yùn)行3/0后報(bào)錯(cuò)
#接下來(lái)進(jìn)行except,輸出except happened
#接下來(lái)程序接著往下走（不會(huì)執(zhí)行else)
for i in dir(a):
    try:
        print "hello ahc"
        3/0
    except:
        print "except happened"
    else:
        print "run without except"

#運(yùn)行過(guò)程：
#輸出hello ahc,由于沒(méi)有異常，所以會(huì)運(yùn)行else,輸出run always
try:
    print "hello ahc"
except:
    print "except happened"
else:
    print "run without except"

# 下面是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的異常處理過(guò)程
try:
    process()
except IndexError, e:
    print "Error: %s" % e
except LookupError, e:
    print "Error: %s" % e

import platform
os_type=platform.platform().lower()
if  "windows" in os_type:
    fontfile=r"C:WindowsFonts	imesi.ttf"
else:
    fontfile="/usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts/Times_New_Roman_Italic.ttf"

nmamp -sP 192.168.1.1/24   #simple information
sudo namp -O -PN 192.168.1.1/24  #detail infromation

#!/usr/bin/env python
# Foundations of Python Network Programming - Chapter 1 - search4.py
import socket
sock = socket.socket()
sock.connect(("maps.google.com", 80))
sock.sendall(
 "GET /maps/geo?q=207+N.+Defiance+St%2C+Archbold%2C+OH"
 "&output=json&oe=utf8&sensor=false HTTP/1.1
"
 "Host: maps.google.com:80
"
 "User-Agent: search4.py
"
 "Connection: close
"
 "
")
rawreply = sock.recv(4096)
print rawreply

import socket
創(chuàng)建sock對(duì)象
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) #使用ipv4,使用udp協(xié)議

server:
    創(chuàng)建sock
    s.bind(("ip",port))        #綁定地址 ip是0.0.0.0時(shí)，是監(jiān)聽(tīng)全網(wǎng),ip是127.0.0.1時(shí)，只監(jiān)聽(tīng)內(nèi)網(wǎng)
    data,address=s.recvfrom()  #監(jiān)聽(tīng)消息 在此block 
    s.sendto("msg",address)    #利用上面的地址(ip,port),來(lái)發(fā)送msg

client:
    創(chuàng)建sock
    s.sendto("msg",address)  #操作系統(tǒng)會(huì)根據(jù)需要，隨機(jī)分配port
    data,addr=s.recv(MAX)    #這里得到的addr就是上面sendto使用的地址(ip,port)

import socket
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect((hostname,port))
delay=0.1
while True:
    s.send("this is another message")
    s.settimeout(delay)

import socket
data="8d890100000100000000000005626169647503636f6d0000010001"
rawdata=bytes.fromhex(data) # dns raw data to get baidu ip
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
DNSserver="202.114.0.242"
s.connect((DNSserver,53))
s.send(rawdata)  #這里直接發(fā)送的是16進(jìn)制的數(shù)據(jù)   
recvData=s.recv(266) #得到的數(shù)據(jù)也是最原始的16進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)，需要閱讀DNS協(xié)議的格式，然后對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行解包
print(recvData)

一般的udp包能傳送的最大數(shù)據(jù)量為1500bytes

#client
import IN,socket,sys
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
MAX=65535
PORT =1060
s.connect(("192.168.1.1",PORT))
s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,IN.IP_MTU_DISCOVER,IN.IP_PMTUDISC_DO)
try:
        s.send("#"*2500)
except socket.error:
    print "message did not make it"
    option=getattr(IN,"IP_MTU",14)
    print "MTU:",s.getsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,option)
else:
    print "the big message was sent! Your network supports really big packet"

s=socket.socket(xx)
s.setsockopt(xxx)
value=s.getsockopt(xx)

#例子，是否允許廣播UDP包
value=s.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_BROADCAST)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_BROADCAST,value)

SO_DONTROUTE:只允許包發(fā)送給子網(wǎng)host
SO_TYPE:當(dāng)把這個(gè)參數(shù)傳遞給getsockopt函數(shù)時(shí)，得到當(dāng)前socket使用的是tcp or udp

客戶端可以開(kāi)啟廣播選項(xiàng)：這樣發(fā)的廣播包其它的機(jī)器都能接到
服務(wù)器端也可開(kāi)啟接收廣播包的選項(xiàng)？才能接收廣播包？這個(gè)要到后面實(shí)驗(yàn)看效果：
不需要進(jìn)行其它的配置，只需使用使用sendto時(shí)，把具體的server ip地址換成廣播地址

###client:
import socket
port=1080
broadcastip="192.168.191.255" #mask =255.255.255.0 network addr=192.168.191.0
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
#s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_BROADCAST,1)
print ("sending message to %s:%s" %(broadcastip,port))
s.sendto("this is a broadcast message",(broadcastip,port))

###server:
import socket

def getLocalIPandHeader(): #得到本機(jī)ip地址的函數(shù)
    """
    return localIP and IPhead 
    like this :192.168.1.11  , 192.168.1.
    """
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    s.connect(("baidu.com", 0))
    ip=s.getsockname()[0]
    lastdotpos=ip.rfind(".")
    iphead=ip[:lastdotpos+1]
    return ip,iphead

port=1080
bindip,iphead=getLocalIPandHeader()

s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
#s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_BROADCAST,1)
s.bind((bindip,port))
while True:
    data,addr=s.recvfrom(200)
    pmsg="i got message from %s say: %s" %(addr,data)
    print(pmsg)

#__file__ 這個(gè)變量中保存了該程序的文件名
abspath=os.path.abspath(__file__)    # a.py ---> /home/gaoy/pyweb/a.py
current_dir=os.path.dirname(abspath) #/home/gaoy/pyweb/a.py --->/home/gaoy/pyweb

def skin(func):
    print "in skin"
    def run():
        print "in run"
        func()
        print "after func"
    return run

@skin
def myprint():
    print "in my print function"

myprint()

#運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下 ：
==========================
in skin
in run
in my print function
after func
==========================
#如上myprint()函數(shù)被skin裝飾

當(dāng)我們調(diào)用myprint()函數(shù)時(shí)，發(fā)生了什么？如下：
首先skin(myrint())函數(shù)會(huì)被調(diào)用，所以會(huì)打印出 "in skin"字符串
由于run中函數(shù)是在skin函數(shù)中定義的并沒(méi)有調(diào)用，所以不會(huì)馬上運(yùn)行，
重點(diǎn)就在這里的return run，return的run函數(shù)給誰(shuí)呢？python解釋器會(huì)把
這個(gè)return的值賦值給myprint，然后調(diào)用“新的”myprint()函數(shù)

簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，如果函數(shù)被裝飾后，按下面方式運(yùn)行：
1：運(yùn)行skin(myprint)     #decorator(func)
2：運(yùn)行裝飾器內(nèi)部定義的函數(shù) #run()