摘要：簡(jiǎn)介是一個(gè)基于的工具，用于創(chuàng)建和部署虛擬化開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境。本教程不安裝可選。

Vagrant是一個(gè)基于Ruby的工具，用于創(chuàng)建和部署虛擬化開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境。
它的主要意義是讓所有開(kāi)發(fā)人員都使用和線上服務(wù)器一樣的環(huán)境，本質(zhì)上和你新建一個(gè)虛擬機(jī)

# https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html
# vagrant 下載， 自行安裝

# https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
# virtualbox 下載， 自行安裝

vagrant init      # 初始化，生成Vagrantfile

vagrant up        # 啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)
vagrant halt      # 關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)
vagrant reload    # 重啟虛擬機(jī)
vagrant ssh       # SSH 至虛擬機(jī)
vagrant suspend   # 掛起虛擬機(jī)
vagrant resume    # 喚醒虛擬機(jī)
vagrant status    # 查看虛擬機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
vagrant destroy   # 銷毀當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)


#box管理命令
vagrant box list    # 查看本地box列表
vagrant box add     # 添加box到列表
vagrant box remove  # 從box列表移除 

# 修改了配置需要啟動(dòng)或重啟
vagrant provision
vagrant reload --provision

站在巨人的肩膀上，快速部署PHP開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境

homestead是laravel官方的一個(gè)php開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 （本教程采用homestead box6.1.0）
內(nèi)置：
Ubuntu 18.04
Git
PHP 7.2
PHP 7.1
PHP 7.0
PHP 5.6
Nginx
Apache (可選。本教程不安裝)
MySQL
MariaDB (可選。本教程不安裝)
Sqlite3
PostgreSQL
Composer
Node (With Yarn, Bower, Grunt, and Gulp)
Redis
Memcached
Beanstalkd
Mailhog
Neo4j (可選。本教程不安裝)
MongoDB (可選。本教程不安裝)
Elasticsearch (可選。本教程不安裝，以免過(guò)大)
ngrok
wp-cli
Zend Z-Ray
Go
Minio

# wget https://vagrantcloud.com/laravel/boxes/homestead/versions/6.1.0/providers/virtualbox.box
# 網(wǎng)盤：

# metadata.json 
{
    "name": "laravel/homestead",
    "versions":
    [
        {
            "version": "6.1.0",
            "providers": [
                {
                  "name": "virtualbox",
                  "url": "X:/path/homestead-6.1.0.box"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

vagrant add box metadata.json
or
vagrant add box laravel/homestead X:/path/homestead-6.1.0.box --box-version=6.1.0
 
vagrant box list
# laravel/homestead (virtualbox, 6.1.0)

vagrant init laravel/homestead --box-version=6.1.0
# 生成了Vagrantfile文件

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

ENV["VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER"] = "virtualbox"

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

  # 虛擬機(jī)名
  # config.vm.define = "sxx_v1"

  # 鏡像名
  config.vm.box = "laravel/homestead"
  # 鏡像版本要求
  config.vm.box_version = "6.1.0"
  # config.vm.box_version = ">= 6.1.0"

  # 服務(wù)名 這里注意不能用下劃線"_"
  config.vm.hostname = "sxx-dev-server"

  # 虛擬機(jī)的私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)ip
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.10.10"

  # 共享同步的數(shù)據(jù)目錄
  config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/docker", "/home/share", create:false
  config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/sxx_admin3", "/web/www/sxx_admin3", create:false
  config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/vagrant/nginx/conf", "/etc/nginx/sites-custom/", create:false

  # 端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)
  # guest->虛擬機(jī)
  # host->宿主
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2222
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8000


  # VirtualBox 虛擬機(jī)配置:
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
     vb.gui = false
  
     vb.name = "sxx_v1"
     vb.memory = "2048"
     vb.cpus = "2"
  end
  
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  #config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   sudo apt-get update
  #SHELL
end

vagrant up

# output
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> default: Checking if box "laravel/homestead" is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
    default: 80 (guest) => 8000 (host) (adapter 1)
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running "pre-boot" VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Setting hostname...
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
The following SSH command responded with a non-zero exit status.
Vagrant assumes that this means the command failed!

/sbin/ifdown "eth1" || true
/sbin/ip addr flush dev "eth1"
# Remove any previous network modifications from the interfaces file
sed -e "/^#VAGRANT-BEGIN/,$ d" /etc/network/interfaces > /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
sed -ne "/^#VAGRANT-END/,$ p" /etc/network/interfaces | tac | sed -e "/^#VAGRANT-END/,$ d" | tac > /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post


cat 
  /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre 
  /tmp/vagrant-network-entry 
  /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post 
  > /etc/network/interfaces

rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-entry
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post

/sbin/ifup "eth1"

Stdout from the command:



Stderr from the command:

bash: line 4: /sbin/ifdown: No such file or directory
bash: line 20: /sbin/ifup: No such file or directory

# 這提示出錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)該是官方的打包沒(méi)安裝ifupdown時(shí)候的問(wèn)題

# 這里的ip，我們上面設(shè)置為192.168.10.10
ssh -p 2222 vagrant@ip
or
直接打開(kāi)virtualbox的虛擬機(jī)進(jìn)入
# 輸入密碼
sudo apt-get install -y ifupdown

# 重新啟動(dòng)
vagrant reload

# output

# 重置/設(shè)置root密碼
su passwd root
# 輸入新密碼 這里我是Vagrant123

# 解決homestead6.1.0里沒(méi)有phpize的問(wèn)題 安裝過(guò)程會(huì)提示操作，默認(rèn)選擇即可
sudo apt-get install -y php7.2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php7.1-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php7.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php5.6-dev

# 如果需要更換linux下默認(rèn)版本
# ubunut
update-alternavtives --config php
# 選擇自己需要的版本前的序列即可
# nginx配置里可以直接指定版本，具體查看分享的nginx配置即可

# 這我就不演示怎么安裝了基本都是phpize -> configure -> make && make install
redis
mongodb
rdkafka（安裝前先安裝librdkafka-https://github.com/edenhill/librdkafka）
zookeeper(安裝前線安裝zookeeker的C庫(kù)支持）

swoole
# https://wiki.swoole.com/wiki/index/prid-1

vagrant package --output sxx_v1

# output 項(xiàng)目下生成了sxx_v1

1. 安裝vagrant
2. 安裝virtualbox
3. copy 分享的box
4. 添加box: vagrant add box qklin/sxx_v1 box_file -box-version=6.1.0 或者上面的metadata.json添加
5. 設(shè)置復(fù)制一份Vagrantfile，調(diào)整成自己所需的共享目錄
6. 添加nginx的虛擬主機(jī)配置
7. vagrant up
8. 如果nginx有問(wèn)題，你可以ssh到虛擬機(jī)，然后重啟下nginx，因?yàn)楣蚕砟夸浛赡苓t于nginx，所以nginx啟動(dòng)除了問(wèn)題，重啟nginx即可（/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload）

# sxx_v1 box 
鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vkU5PTt856Ru7eCiqU3KpQ 密碼: 6666
# sxx_v1配置(nginx, vagrantfile等)
鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z7MfT2pIYMGqq_tBwmfDNA 密碼: 8888
# homestead 官方的7.14.2配置（僅做參考，可以快速增加其他服務(wù)，參考scripts里的腳本）
鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qZ29r3w41PZ2tLDguzULAw 密碼: 9999

vagrant 本質(zhì)還是虛擬機(jī)，不過(guò)是通過(guò)vagrant快速部署和管理虛擬機(jī)
本教程只是演示了一個(gè)配置配置一臺(tái)虛擬機(jī)，vagrant通過(guò)vagrantfile快速部署分布式虛擬機(jī)

這個(gè)不是本教程的目的，具體更多你可以翻閱官方或百度搜索相關(guān)教程自行學(xué)習(xí)