摘要：可想而知，的重要性。因而做好數(shù)據(jù)備份工作至關(guān)重要。備份數(shù)據(jù)到能做的備份方案很多，但是大同小異，基本上都是利用了命令來完成。設(shè)置一下，就可以幫助我們定時(shí)刪除舊數(shù)據(jù)，保留新的備份數(shù)據(jù)。部署方案選擇中的比較合適，我的備份策略是每三小時(shí)備份一次。

整個(gè)k8s諸多組件幾乎都是無狀態(tài)的，所有的數(shù)據(jù)保存在etcd里，可以說etcd是整個(gè)k8s集群的數(shù)據(jù)庫。可想而知，etcd的重要性。因而做好etcd數(shù)據(jù)備份工作至關(guān)重要。這篇主要講一下我司的相關(guān)的實(shí)踐。

能做etcd的備份方案很多，但是大同小異，基本上都是利用了etcdctl命令來完成。

為什么選擇s3那？

因?yàn)槲覀儐挝粚τ赼ws使用比較多，另外我們希望我們備份到一個(gè)高可用的存儲(chǔ)中，而不是部署etcd的本機(jī)中。

此外，s3支持存儲(chǔ)的生命周期的設(shè)置。設(shè)置一下，就可以aws幫助我們定時(shí)刪除舊數(shù)據(jù)，保留新的備份數(shù)據(jù)。

我們基本上用了etcd-backup這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，當(dāng)然也fork了，做了稍微的更改，主要是更改了dockerfile。將etcdctl 修改為我們線上實(shí)際的版本。

修改之后的dockerfile如下：

FROM alpine:3.8

RUN apk add --no-cache curl

# Get etcdctl
ENV ETCD_VER=v3.2.24
RUN 
  cd /tmp && 
  curl -L https://storage.googleapis.com/etcd/${ETCD_VER}/etcd-${ETCD_VER}-linux-amd64.tar.gz | 
  tar xz -C /usr/local/bin --strip-components=1

COPY ./etcd-backup /
ENTRYPOINT ["/etcd-backup"]
CMD ["-h"]

之后就是docker build之類了。

選擇k8s中的cronjob比較合適，我的備份策略是每三小時(shí)備份一次。

cronjob.yaml:

apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: etcd-backup
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  schedule: "0 */4 * * *"
  successfulJobsHistoryLimit: 2
  failedJobsHistoryLimit: 2
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      # Job timeout
      activeDeadlineSeconds: 300
      template:
        spec:
          tolerations:
          # Tolerate master taint
          - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
            operator: Exists
            effect: NoSchedule
          # Container creates etcd backups.
          # Run container in host network mode on G8s masters
          # to be able to use 127.0.0.1 as etcd address.
          # For etcd v2 backups container should have access
          # to etcd data directory. To achive that,
          # mount /var/lib/etcd3 as a volume.
          nodeSelector:
            node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
          containers:
          - name: etcd-backup
            image: iyacontrol/etcd-backup:0.1
            args:
            # backup guest clusters only on production instalations
            # testing installation can have many broken guest clusters
            - -prefix=k8s-prod-1
            - -etcd-v2-datadir=/var/lib/etcd
            - -etcd-v3-endpoints=https://172.xx.xx.221:2379,https://172.xx.xx.83:2379,https://172.xx.xx.246:2379
            - -etcd-v3-cacert=/certs/ca.crt
            - -etcd-v3-cert=/certs/server.crt
            - -etcd-v3-key=/certs/server.key
            - -aws-s3-bucket=mybucket
            - -aws-s3-region=us-east-1
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/etcd
              name: etcd-datadir
            - mountPath: /certs
              name: etcd-certs
            env:
              - name: ETCDBACKUP_AWS_ACCESS_KEY
                valueFrom:
                  secretKeyRef:
                    name: etcd-backup
                    key: ETCDBACKUP_AWS_ACCESS_KEY
              - name: ETCDBACKUP_AWS_SECRET_KEY
                valueFrom:
                  secretKeyRef:
                    name: etcd-backup
                    key: ETCDBACKUP_AWS_SECRET_KEY
              - name: ETCDBACKUP_PASSPHRASE
                valueFrom:
                  secretKeyRef:
                    name: etcd-backup
                    key: ETCDBACKUP_PASSPHRASE
          volumes:
          - name: etcd-datadir
            hostPath:
              path: /var/lib/etcd
          - name: etcd-certs
            hostPath:
              path: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
          # Do not restart pod, job takes care on restarting failed pod.
          restartPolicy: Never
          hostNetwork: true
   

注意：容忍 和 nodeselector配合，讓pod調(diào)度到master節(jié)點(diǎn)上。

然后secret.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: etcd-backup
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
data:
  ETCDBACKUP_AWS_ACCESS_KEY: QUtJTI0TktCT0xQRlEK
  ETCDBACKUP_AWS_SECRET_KEY: aXJ6eThjQnM2MVRaSkdGMGxDeHhoeFZNUDU4ZGRNbgo=
  ETCDBACKUP_PASSPHRASE: ""

之前我們嘗試過，etcd-operator來完成backup。實(shí)際使用過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)并不好，概念很多，組件復(fù)雜，代碼很多寫法太死。

最后選擇etcd-backup。主要是因?yàn)楹唵?，less is more?？丛创a，用golang編寫，擴(kuò)展自己的一些需求，也比較簡單。