ovs實(shí)踐--openFlow跨網(wǎng)段組網(wǎng)

zr_hebo 發(fā)布于2019-06-28 17:25 / 1565人閱讀

摘要：支持協(xié)議，所以可以很方便的通過(guò)編程實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)的自動(dòng)化，被大量運(yùn)用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。流表中，優(yōu)先級(jí)高的優(yōu)先匹配，并執(zhí)行匹配規(guī)則的。

sdn (software defines network)

看了些相關(guān)的資料，這里記錄一下自己對(duì)sdn的理解，能力有限，如有錯(cuò)誤歡迎指正。

sdn軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)，目的是想要利用軟件來(lái)模擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備，如交換機(jī)，路由器之類的。

為什么需要這么做? 一個(gè)主要原因是云計(jì)算的高速發(fā)展，給傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)中心帶來(lái)了更加靈活和復(fù)雜的組網(wǎng)需求。

傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備完成數(shù)據(jù)中心服務(wù)器的組網(wǎng)，在此之上，通過(guò)sdn來(lái)完成虛機(jī)和容器之間的連通

ovs (openvSwitch)

官方的說(shuō)法：Open vSwitch是一款高質(zhì)量的多層虛擬交換機(jī)，以開源Apache 2許可證授權(quán)，非常適合在虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境中充當(dāng)2層交換機(jī)。支持多種基于Linux的虛擬化技術(shù)，包括Xen / XenServer、KVM和VirtualBox。
支持Open Flow協(xié)議，所以可以很方便的通過(guò)編程實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)的自動(dòng)化，被大量運(yùn)用于SDN網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。

架構(gòu)和原理之類的文章很多，這里就不在一一闡述，本文以實(shí)踐為主。

安裝

# 安裝docker
yum install -y docker-1.13.1

# 預(yù)安裝
yum -y install wget openssl-devel gcc make python-devel openssl-devel kernel-devel graphviz kernel-debug-devel autoconf automake rpm-build redhat-rpm-config libtool python-twisted-core python-zope-interface PyQt4 desktop-file-utils libcap-ng-devel groff checkpolicy selinux-policy-devel

# 安裝open vswitch:
yum install -y  openvswitch-2.8.2-1.el7.x86_64  # 此版本包含ovs-docker
systemctl start openvswitch.service
systemctl is-active openvswitch
systemctl enable openvswitch

ovs單機(jī)連通性

創(chuàng)建容器, 設(shè)置net=none可以防止docker0默認(rèn)網(wǎng)橋影響連通性測(cè)試

docker run -itd --name con6 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
docker run -itd --name con7 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
docker run -itd --name con8 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)橋

ovs-vsctl add-br ovs0

使用ovs-docker給容器添加網(wǎng)卡，并掛到ovs0網(wǎng)橋上

ovs-docker add-port ovs0 eth0 con6 --ipaddress=192.168.1.2/24
ovs-docker add-port ovs0 eth0 con7 --ipaddress=192.168.1.3/24
ovs-docker add-port ovs0 eth0 con8 --ipaddress=192.168.1.4/24

查看網(wǎng)橋

[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show
21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09
    Bridge "ovs0"
        Port "b167e3dcf8db4_l"
            Interface "b167e3dcf8db4_l"
        Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
            Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
        Port "121c6b2f221c4_l"
            Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l"
        Port "ovs0"
            Interface "ovs0"
                type: internal
    ovs_version: "2.8.2"

測(cè)試連通性

[root@controller /]# docker exec -it con8 sh
# ping 192.168.1.2      
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.886 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.886/0.886/0.886/0.000 ms
# 
# ping 192.168.1.3  
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.712 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.712/0.712/0.712/0.000 ms
#

設(shè)置VLAN tag

查看網(wǎng)橋

[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show
21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09
    Bridge "ovs0"
        Port "b167e3dcf8db4_l"
            Interface "b167e3dcf8db4_l"
        Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
            Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
        Port "121c6b2f221c4_l"
            Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l"
        Port "ovs0"
            Interface "ovs0"
                type: internal
    ovs_version: "2.8.2"

查看interface

[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl list interface f1c0a9d0994d4_l
_uuid               : cf400e7c-d2d6-4e0a-ad02-663dd63d1751
admin_state         : up
duplex              : full
error               : []
external_ids        : {container_id="con6", container_iface="eth0"}
ifindex             : 239
ingress_policing_burst: 0
ingress_policing_rate: 0
lacp_current        : []
link_resets         : 1
link_speed          : 10000000000
link_state          : up
mac_in_use          : "96:91:0a:c9:02:d6"
mtu                 : 1500
mtu_request         : []
name                : "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
ofport              : 3
other_config        : {}
statistics          : {collisions=0, rx_bytes=1328, rx_crc_err=0, rx_dropped=0, rx_errors=0, rx_frame_err=0, rx_over_err=0, rx_packets=18, tx_bytes=3032, tx_dropped=0, tx_errors=0, tx_packets=40}
status              : {driver_name=veth, driver_version="1.0", firmware_version=""}
type                : ""

設(shè)置vlan tag

ovs-vsctl set port   f1c0a9d0994d4_l tag=100  //con6
ovs-vsctl set port   b167e3dcf8db4_l tag=100  //con8
ovs-vsctl set port   121c6b2f221c4_l tag=200  //con7

測(cè)試連通性

[root@controller /]# docker exec -it con8 sh
# 
# ping 192.168.1.2 -c 3
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.413 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2044ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.057/0.177/0.413/0.166 ms
# 
# ping 192.168.1.3 -c 3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2068ms
pipe 3
#

跨主機(jī)連通性 環(huán)境

host1 172.29.101.123

網(wǎng)橋:  ovs0      

容器:    
con6  192.168.1.2   
con7  192.168.1.3   
con8  192.168.1.4

創(chuàng)建方式依上

host2 172.29.101.82

網(wǎng)橋: ovs1

容器: con11

準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境

創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)橋
ovs-vsctl add-br ovs1

創(chuàng)建容器
docker run -itd --name con11 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

掛到ovs0網(wǎng)橋
ovs-docker add-port ovs1 eth0 con11 --ipaddress=192.168.1.6/24

查看網(wǎng)橋ovs1

[root@compute82 /]# ovs-vsctl show
380ce027-8edf-4844-8e89-a6b9c1adaff3
    Bridge "ovs1"
        Port "0384251973e64_l"
            Interface "0384251973e64_l"
        Port "ovs1"
            Interface "ovs1"
                type: internal
    ovs_version: "2.8.2"

設(shè)置vxlan

在host1上

[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl add-port ovs0 vxlan1 -- set interface vxlan1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=172.29.101.82 options:key=flow
[root@controller /]# 
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show
21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09
    Bridge "ovs0"
        Port "b167e3dcf8db4_l"
            tag: 100
            Interface "b167e3dcf8db4_l"
        Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
            tag: 100
            Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
        Port "121c6b2f221c4_l"
            tag: 200
            Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l"
        Port "ovs0"
            Interface "ovs0"
                type: internal
        Port "vxlan1"
            Interface "vxlan1"
                type: vxlan
                options: {key=flow, remote_ip="172.29.101.82"}
    ovs_version: "2.8.2"

在host2上

[root@compute82 /]# ovs-vsctl add-port ovs1 vxlan1 -- set interface vxlan1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=172.29.101.123 options:key=flow
[root@compute82 /]# 
[root@compute82 /]# ovs-vsctl show
380ce027-8edf-4844-8e89-a6b9c1adaff3
    Bridge "ovs1"
        Port "0384251973e64_l"
            Interface "0384251973e64_l"
        Port "vxlan1"
            Interface "vxlan1"
                type: vxlan
                options: {key=flow, remote_ip="172.29.101.123"}
        Port "ovs1"
            Interface "ovs1"
                type: internal
    ovs_version: "2.8.2"

設(shè)置vlan tag

ovs-vsctl set port 0384251973e64_l tag=100

連通性測(cè)試

[root@compute82 /]# docker exec -ti con11 bash
root@c82da61bf925:/# ping 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.206 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
root@c82da61bf925:/# 
root@c82da61bf925:/# ping 192.168.1.3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2027ms
root@c82da61bf925:/# 
root@c82da61bf925:/# exit

結(jié)論

vxlan只能連通兩臺(tái)機(jī)器的ovs上同一個(gè)網(wǎng)段的容器，無(wú)法連通ovs上不同網(wǎng)段的容器。如果需要連通不同網(wǎng)段的容器，接下來(lái)我們嘗試通過(guò)ovs的流表來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

OpenFlow flow table

支持openflow的交換機(jī)中可能包含多個(gè)flow table。每個(gè)flow table包含多條規(guī)則，每條規(guī)則包含匹配條件和執(zhí)行動(dòng)作。flow table中的每條規(guī)則有優(yōu)先級(jí)，優(yōu)先級(jí)高的優(yōu)先匹配，匹配到規(guī)則以后，執(zhí)行action，如果匹配失敗，按優(yōu)先級(jí)高低，繼續(xù)匹配下一條。如果都不匹配，每張表會(huì)有默認(rèn)的動(dòng)作，一般為drop或者轉(zhuǎn)給下一張流表。

實(shí)踐 環(huán)境

host1 172.29.101.123

網(wǎng)橋:  ovs0      

容器:    
con6  192.168.1.2     tag=100
con7  192.168.1.3     tag=100

host2 172.29.101.82

網(wǎng)橋: ovs1

容器:  
con9:  192.168.2.2    tag=100
con10：192.168.2.3    tag=100
con11: 192.168.1.5    tag=100

查看默認(rèn)流表

在host1上查看默認(rèn)流表

[root@controller msxu]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0
 cookie=0x0, duration=27858.050s, table=0, n_packets=5253660876, n_bytes=371729202788, priority=0 actions=NORMAL

在容器con6中ping con7，網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通

[root@controller /]# docker exec -ti con6 bash
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# 
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.613 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.066 ms
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1058ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.066/0.339/0.613/0.274 ms
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#

刪除默認(rèn)流表

[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl del-flows ovs0
[root@controller /]# 
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0
[root@controller /]#

測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性，發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)不通

[root@controller /]# docker exec -ti con6 bash
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# 
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1025ms
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#

添加流表

如果要con6和con7能夠通信，需要建立規(guī)則，讓ovs轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)

查看con6和con7在ovs上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口

[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show
21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09
    Bridge "ovs0"
        Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
            tag: 100
            Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
        Port "121c6b2f221c4_l"
            tag: 100
            Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l"
        Port "ovs0"
            Interface "ovs0"
                type: internal
        Port "vxlan1"
            Interface "vxlan1"
                type: vxlan
                options: {key=flow, remote_ip="172.29.101.82"}
    ovs_version: "2.8.2"
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl list interface f1c0a9d0994d4_l |grep ofport
ofport              : 3
ofport_request      : []
[root@controller /]# 
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl list interface 121c6b2f221c4_l |grep ofport
ofport              : 4
ofport_request      : []

添加規(guī)則：

[root@controller /]#ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=1,in_port=3,actions=output:4"
[root@controller /]#ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=2,in_port=4,actions=output:3"
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0
 cookie=0x0, duration=60.440s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port="f1c0a9d0994d4_l" actions=output:"121c6b2f221c4_l"
 cookie=0x0, duration=50.791s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port="121c6b2f221c4_l" actions=output:"f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
[root@controller /]#

測(cè)試連通性：con6和con7已通

[root@controller msxu]# docker exec -ti con6 bash
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.924 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1057ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.058/0.491/0.924/0.433 ms
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#

設(shè)置一條優(yōu)先級(jí)高的規(guī)則：

[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=2,in_port=4,actions=drop"
[root@controller /]# 
[root@controller /]# docker exec -ti con6 bash
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# 
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping  192.168.1.3
PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2087ms
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# 
root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#

流表中的規(guī)則是有優(yōu)先級(jí)的，priority數(shù)值越大，優(yōu)先級(jí)越高。流表中，優(yōu)先級(jí)高的優(yōu)先匹配，并執(zhí)行匹配規(guī)則的actions。如果不匹配，繼續(xù)匹配優(yōu)先級(jí)低的下一條。

跨網(wǎng)段連通

在上一個(gè)vxlan的實(shí)踐中，通過(guò)設(shè)置vxlan可以打通兩個(gè)機(jī)器上的ovs，但我們提到兩個(gè)機(jī)器ovs上的容器得在同一個(gè)網(wǎng)段上才能通信。

在ip為192.168.2.2的con9上ping另一臺(tái)機(jī)上的con6 192.168.1.2

[root@compute82 /]# docker exec -ti con9 bash
root@b55602aad0ac:/# 
root@b55602aad0ac:/# ping 192.168.1.2
connect: Network is unreachable
root@b55602aad0ac:/#

添加流表規(guī)則：

在host1上：

[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=4,in_port=6,actions=output:3"
[root@controller /]# 
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=4,in_port=3,actions=output:6"
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0
 cookie=0x0, duration=3228.737s, table=0, n_packets=7, n_bytes=490, priority=1,in_port="f1c0a9d0994d4_l" actions=output:"121c6b2f221c4_l"
 cookie=0x0, duration=3215.544s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port="121c6b2f221c4_l" actions=output:"f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
 cookie=0x0, duration=3168.297s, table=0, n_packets=9, n_bytes=546, priority=2,in_port="121c6b2f221c4_l" actions=drop
 cookie=0x0, duration=12.024s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=4,in_port=vxlan1 actions=output:"f1c0a9d0994d4_l"
 cookie=0x0, duration=3.168s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=4,in_port="f1c0a9d0994d4_l" actions=output:vxlan1

在host2上

[root@compute82 /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs1 "priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:6"
[root@compute82 /]# 
[root@compute82 /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs1 "priority=1,in_port=6,actions=output:1"
[root@compute82 /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs1
 cookie=0x0, duration=1076.522s, table=0, n_packets=27, n_bytes=1134, priority=1,in_port="0384251973e64_l" actions=output:vxlan1
 cookie=0x0, duration=936.403s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port=vxlan1 actions=output:"0384251973e64_l"
 cookie=0x0, duration=70205.443s, table=0, n_packets=7325, n_bytes=740137, priority=0 actions=NORMAL

測(cè)試連通性

在host2 con9上ping 192.168.1.2

[root@compute82 /]# docker exec -ti con9 bash
root@b55602aad0ac:/# 
root@b55602aad0ac:/# ping 192.168.1.2
connect: Network is unreachable
root@b55602aad0ac:/#

發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)并不通，查看發(fā)現(xiàn)路由規(guī)則有問(wèn)題，添加默認(rèn)路由規(guī)則，注意這里需要已privileged權(quán)限進(jìn)入容器

[root@compute82 /]# docker exec --privileged -ti con9 bash
root@b55602aad0ac:/# 
root@b55602aad0ac:/# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
root@b55602aad0ac:/# route add default dev eth0
root@b55602aad0ac:/# 
root@b55602aad0ac:/# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         U     0      0        0 eth0
192.168.2.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
root@b55602aad0ac:/#

在host1和host2的容器中都添加好路由規(guī)則后，測(cè)試連通性

[root@compute82 /]# docker exec --privileged -ti con9 bash
root@b55602aad0ac:/# 
root@b55602aad0ac:/# ping 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.16 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.314 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.314/0.739/1.165/0.426 ms

已成功通過(guò)ovs，vxlan打通兩臺(tái)機(jī)器上不同網(wǎng)段容器

GPU云服務(wù)器云服務(wù)器跨網(wǎng)段傳輸 linux怎么跨網(wǎng)段服務(wù)器雙網(wǎng)卡跨網(wǎng)段串口服務(wù)器跨網(wǎng)段通信

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