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Docker創(chuàng)建的集群下使用ansible部署hadoop

gself / 3214人閱讀

摘要:創(chuàng)建的集群下使用部署基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境關(guān)鍵詞集群架構(gòu)集群包含臺(tái)虛擬主機(jī),采用創(chuàng)建容器的方式創(chuàng)建,無需創(chuàng)建多臺(tái)虛擬機(jī),簡(jiǎn)單方便。

Docker創(chuàng)建的集群下使用ansible部署hadoop 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境

MBP, Palallels Desktop, Centos7

關(guān)鍵詞

docker, ansible, hadoop

集群架構(gòu)

集群包含4臺(tái)“虛擬主機(jī)”,采用Docker創(chuàng)建容器的方式創(chuàng)建,無需創(chuàng)建多臺(tái)虛擬機(jī),簡(jiǎn)單方便。

OS hostname IP
Centos7 cluster-master 172.18.0.2
Centos7 cluster-slave1 172.18.0.3
Centos7 cluster-slave1 172.18.0.4
Centos7 cluster-slave1 172.18.0.5
Docker docker 安裝

登錄到Centos 7寄主機(jī)中安裝docker

[root@centos-linux ~]# yum -y install docker.x86_64
啟動(dòng)docker服務(wù)
[root@centos-linux ~]# systemctl start docker
Centos鏡像拉取

國內(nèi)使用docker.io拉取鏡像的時(shí)候非常慢,所以找了鏡像倉庫進(jìn)行拉取。
本次用到的鏡像倉庫是http://hub.daocloud.io, 在搜索欄中輸入centos并搜索



在檢索到的鏡像詳情右側(cè)給出了pull的命令,直接運(yùn)行即可。

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker pull daocloud.io/library/centos:latest

拉取完成之后可以看到

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                   TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
daocloud.io/library/centos   latest              328edcd84f1b        3 weeks ago         192.5 MB
創(chuàng)建容器

按照集群的架構(gòu),創(chuàng)建容器時(shí)需要設(shè)置固定IP,所以先要在docker下創(chuàng)建固定IP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)組

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker network create --subnet=172.18.0.0/16 netgroup

docker的網(wǎng)絡(luò)組創(chuàng)建完成之后就可以創(chuàng)建固定IP的容器了

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker run -d --privileged -ti -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup --name cluster-master -h cluster-master --net netgroup --ip 172.18.0.2 daocloud.io/library/centos /usr/sbin/init
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker run -d --privileged -ti -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup --name cluster-slave1 -h cluster-slave1 --net netgroup --ip 172.18.0.3 daocloud.io/library/centos /usr/sbin/init
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker run -d --privileged -ti -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup --name cluster-slave2 -h cluster-slave2 --net netgroup --ip 172.18.0.4 daocloud.io/library/centos /usr/sbin/init
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker run -d --privileged -ti -v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup --name cluster-slave3 -h cluster-slave3 --net netgroup --ip 172.18.0.5 daocloud.io/library/centos /usr/sbin/init

在Centos7下使用簡(jiǎn)單方式創(chuàng)建容器后遇到sshd啟動(dòng)失敗的問題,所以需要添加參數(shù)--privileged和-v /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup,并在啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候運(yùn)行/usr/sbin/init。

openssh

創(chuàng)建的centos容器中并沒有預(yù)裝ssh服務(wù),需要登錄到所有容器中手動(dòng)安裝。

登錄容器
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                        COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
328913df0d52        daocloud.io/library/centos   "/usr/sbin/init"    1 hours ago        Up 1 hours                             cluster-slave3
83361d4bf079        daocloud.io/library/centos   "/usr/sbin/init"    1 hours ago        Up 1 hours                             cluster-slave2
35d1e5732340        daocloud.io/library/centos   "/usr/sbin/init"    1 hours ago        Up 1 hours                             cluster-slave1
37fbcc24b0e3        daocloud.io/library/centos   "/usr/sbin/init"    1 hours ago        Up 1 hours                             cluster-master
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker exec -it 37fbcc24b0e3 /bin/bash
安裝openssh
[root@cluster-master /]# yum -y install openssh openssh-server openssh-clients
啟動(dòng)ssh服務(wù)
[root@cluster-master /]# systemctl start sshd
ssh自動(dòng)接受新的公鑰
master設(shè)置ssh登錄自動(dòng)添加kown_hosts
vi編輯/etc/ssh/ssh_config配置文件
設(shè)置StrictHostKeyChecking為no
配置cluster-master的hosts

/etc/hosts文件在容器啟動(dòng)時(shí)被重寫,直接修改內(nèi)容在容器重啟后不能保留,為了讓容器在重啟之后獲取集群hosts,使用了一種啟動(dòng)容器后重寫hosts的方法。
需要在~/.bashrc中追加以下指令

:>/etc/hosts
cat >>/etc/hosts<

運(yùn)行source ~/.bashrc使之生效
這時(shí)可以看到/etc/hosts文件已經(jīng)被改為需要的內(nèi)容

[root@cluster-master /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
172.18.0.2  cluster-master
172.18.0.3  cluster-slave1
172.18.0.4  cluster-slave2
172.18.0.5  cluster-slave3
cluster-master公鑰分發(fā)

在master機(jī)上執(zhí)行ssh-keygen -t rsa并一路回車,完成之后會(huì)生成~/.ssh目錄,目錄下有id_rsa(私鑰文件)和id_rsa.pub(公鑰文件),再將id_rsa.pub重定向到文件authorized_keys

[root@cluster-master /]# cd ~/.ssh
[root@cluster-master /]# cat id_rsa.pub>authorized_keys

文件生成之后用scp將公鑰文件分發(fā)到集群slave主機(jī)

[root@cluster-master /]# ssh root@cluster-slave1 "mkdir ~/.ssh"
[root@cluster-master /]# scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys root@cluster-slave1:~/.ssh
[root@cluster-master /]# ssh root@cluster-slave2 "mkdir ~/.ssh"
[root@cluster-master /]# scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys root@cluster-slave2:~/.ssh
[root@cluster-master /]# ssh root@cluster-slave3 "mkdir ~/.ssh"
[root@cluster-master /]# scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys root@cluster-slave3:~/.ssh

分發(fā)完成之后測(cè)試是否已經(jīng)可以免輸入密碼登錄。另外本次實(shí)驗(yàn)使用到了root用戶,如果在其他用戶下使用免密碼登錄,需要確保用戶對(duì)~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件有可操作權(quán)限。

Ansible 源碼安裝ansible 使用git將文件安裝在cluster-master的/opt目錄下,因?yàn)闊o需agent,所以安裝在一臺(tái)主控機(jī)上即可管理集群。容器中的centos沒有預(yù)裝git,在安裝之前需要事先安裝git:
[root@cluster-master /]# yum -y install git
在/opt下執(zhí)行
[root@cluster-master opt]# git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git --recursive
在執(zhí)行ansible的env-setup之前需要安裝一些容器中沒有預(yù)裝的軟件包
[root@cluster-master opt]# yum -y install python-setuptools
[root@cluster-master opt]# easy_install pip
[root@cluster-master opt]# pip install paramiko PyYAML Jinja2 httplib2 six
進(jìn)入ansible目錄,執(zhí)行安裝腳本
[root@cluster-master opt]# cd ./ansible
[root@cluster-master ansible]# source ./hacking/env-setup
配置ansible hosts

創(chuàng)建/etc/ansible/hosts文件,并將cluster內(nèi)的主機(jī)按組的方式寫入該文件

[cluster]
cluster-master
cluster-slave1
cluster-slave2
cluster-slave3

[master]
cluster-master

[slaves]
cluster-slave1
cluster-slave2
cluster-slave3
Hadoop 在集群中安裝openjdk

使用ansible在在集群中安裝openjdk

[root@cluster-master ansible]# ansible cluster -m yum -a "name=java-1.8.0-openjdk,java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel state=latest"
在cluster-master上安裝hadoop

將hadoop安裝包下載至/opt目錄下

[root@cluster-master opt]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.4/hadoop-2.7.4.tar.gz

下載完成之后解壓安裝包,并創(chuàng)建鏈接文件

[root@cluster-master opt]# tar -xzvf hadoop-2.7.4.tar.gz
[root@cluster-master opt]# ln -s hadoop-2.7.4 hadoop
設(shè)置java和hadoop環(huán)境變量(.bashrc)
# java
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.141-1.b16.el7_3.x86_64
export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH
# hadoop
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$PATH
修改slaves文件
[root@cluster-master opt]# vi /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves
cluster-slave1
cluster-slave2
cluster-slave3
修改hadoop運(yùn)行所需配置文件

core-site.xml


    
        hadoop.tmp.dir
        /home/hadoop/tmp
        A base for other temporary directories.
    
    
    
        fs.default.name
       hdfs://cluster-master:9000
    

hdfs-site.xml


    
        dfs.replication
        3
    

mapred-site.xml


    
        mapred.job.tracker
        http://cluster-master:9001
    

yarn-site.xml


    
        yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
        mapreduce_shuffle
    
    
        yarn.resourcemanager.address
        cluster-master:18040
    
打包hadoop文件

將hadoop鏈接文件和hadoop-2.7.4打包成一個(gè)文件方便ansible分發(fā)到slave主機(jī)

[root@cluster-master opt]# tar -cvf hadoop-dis.tar hadoop hadoop-2.7.4
使用ansible-playbook分發(fā).bashrc和hadoop-dis.tar至slave主機(jī)
---
- hosts: cluster
  tasks:
    - name: copy .bashrc to slaves
      copy: src=~/.bashrc dest=~/
      notify:
        - exec source
    - name: mkdir /home/hadoop/tmp
      shell: mkdir -p /home/hadoop/tmp
      
    - name: copy hadoop-dis.tar to slaves
      unarchive: src=/opt/hadoop-dis.tar dest=/opt


  handlers:
    - name: exec source
      shell: source ~/.bashrc

將以上yaml保存為hadoop-dis.yaml,并執(zhí)行

[root@cluster-master opt]# ansible-playbook hadoop-dis.yaml

hadoop-dis.tar會(huì)自動(dòng)解壓到slave主機(jī)的/opt目錄下。

格式化namenode
[root@cluster-master opt]# hadoop namenode -format
啟動(dòng)hadoop集群

到這一步已經(jīng)可以開始hadoop之旅了,啟動(dòng)比較簡(jiǎn)單,在$HADOOP_HOME/sbin下有幾個(gè)啟動(dòng)和停止的腳本如下:

[root@cluster-master opt]# cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
[root@cluster-master sbin]# ls -l
total 120
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 2752 Aug  1 00:35 distribute-exclude.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 6452 Aug  1 00:35 hadoop-daemon.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1360 Aug  1 00:35 hadoop-daemons.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1640 Aug  1 00:35 hdfs-config.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1427 Aug  1 00:35 hdfs-config.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 2291 Aug  1 00:35 httpfs.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 3128 Aug  1 00:35 kms.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 4080 Aug  1 00:35 mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1648 Aug  1 00:35 refresh-namenodes.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 2145 Aug  1 00:35 slaves.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1779 Aug  1 00:35 start-all.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1471 Aug  1 00:35 start-all.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1128 Aug  1 00:35 start-balancer.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1401 Aug  1 00:35 start-dfs.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 3734 Aug  1 00:35 start-dfs.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1357 Aug  1 00:35 start-secure-dns.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1571 Aug  1 00:35 start-yarn.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1347 Aug  1 00:35 start-yarn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1770 Aug  1 00:35 stop-all.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1462 Aug  1 00:35 stop-all.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1179 Aug  1 00:35 stop-balancer.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1455 Aug  1 00:35 stop-dfs.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 3206 Aug  1 00:35 stop-dfs.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1340 Aug  1 00:35 stop-secure-dns.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1642 Aug  1 00:35 stop-yarn.cmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1340 Aug  1 00:35 stop-yarn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 4295 Aug  1 00:35 yarn-daemon.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 20415 101 1353 Aug  1 00:35 yarn-daemons.sh

主要使用HDFS,啟動(dòng)start-dfs.sh即可

[root@cluster-master sbin]# ./start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [cluster-master]
cluster-master: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.7.4/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-cluster-master.out
cluster-slave1: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.7.4/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-cluster-slave1.out
cluster-slave3: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.7.4/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-cluster-slave3.out
cluster-slave2: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.7.4/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-cluster-slave2.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop-2.7.4/logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-cluster-master.out

啟動(dòng)完成之后會(huì)在master和slave看到以下進(jìn)程

cluster-master
[root@cluster-master sbin]# jps
2484 SecondaryNameNode
2648 Jps
2315 NameNode
cluster-slave
[root@cluster-slave1 logs]# jps
27502 DataNode
27583 Jps
體驗(yàn)hadoop

在master端上傳文件試試

[root@cluster-master sbin]# hadoop dfs -put start-dfs.sh /
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

[root@cluster-master sbin]# hadoop dfs -ls /
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

Found 1 items
-rw-r--r--   3 root supergroup       3734 2017-08-26 10:57 /start-dfs.sh
總結(jié)

docker下部署hadoop確實(shí)比較奇葩,但是對(duì)于個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)來說確是十分方便,不用在虛擬機(jī)里復(fù)制多套環(huán)境,也簡(jiǎn)化了網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置的步驟,加上ansible的使用使得集群的管理更加高效。

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