摘要:前言首先歡迎關(guān)注我的博客在前面幾個博客中,我詳細講了容器各個功能的使用綁定的源碼解析的源碼,今天這篇博客會詳細介紹容器的一些細節(jié),一些特性,以便更好地掌握容器的功能。
前言
首先歡迎關(guān)注我的博客: www.leoyang90.cn
在前面幾個博客中,我詳細講了 Ioc 容器各個功能的使用、綁定的源碼、解析的源碼,今天這篇博客會詳細介紹 Ioc 容器的一些細節(jié),一些特性,以便更好地掌握容器的功能。
注:本文使用的測試類與測試對象都取自 laravel 的單元測試文件src/illuminate/tests/Container/ContainerTest.php
rebind綁定特性 rebind 在綁定之前instance 和 普通 bind 綁定一樣,當重新綁定的時候都會調(diào)用 rebind 回調(diào)函數(shù),但是有趣的是,對于普通 bind 綁定來說,rebind 回調(diào)函數(shù)被調(diào)用的條件是當前接口被解析過:
public function testReboundListeners() { unset($_SERVER["__test.rebind"]); $container = new Container; $container->rebinding("foo", function () { $_SERVER["__test.rebind"] = true; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $container->make("foo"); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $this->assertTrue($_SERVER["__test.rebind"]); }
所以遇到下面這樣的情況,rebinding 的回調(diào)函數(shù)是不會調(diào)用的:
public function testReboundListeners() { unset($_SERVER["__test.rebind"]); $container = new Container; $container->rebinding("foo", function () { $_SERVER["__test.rebind"] = true; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $this->assertFalse(isset($_SERVER["__test.rebind"])); }
有趣的是對于 instance 綁定:
public function testReboundListeners() { unset($_SERVER["__test.rebind"]); $container = new Container; $container->rebinding("foo", function () { $_SERVER["__test.rebind"] = true; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $container->instance("foo", function () { }); $this->assertTrue(isset($_SERVER["__test.rebind"])); }
rebinding 回調(diào)函數(shù)卻是可以被調(diào)用的。其實原因就是 instance 源碼中 rebinding 回調(diào)函數(shù)調(diào)用的條件是 rebound 為真,而普通 bind 函數(shù)調(diào)用 rebinding 回調(diào)函數(shù)的條件是 resolved 為真. 目前筆者不是很清楚為什么要對 instance 和 bind 區(qū)別對待,希望有大牛指導。
rebind 在綁定之后為了使得 rebind 回調(diào)函數(shù)在下一次的綁定中被激活,在 rebind 函數(shù)的源碼中,如果判斷當前對象已經(jīng)綁定過,那么將會立即解析:
public function rebinding($abstract, Closure $callback) { $this->reboundCallbacks[$abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract)][] = $callback; if ($this->bound($abstract)) { return $this->make($abstract); } }
單元測試代碼:
public function testReboundListeners1() { unset($_SERVER["__test.rebind"]); $container = new Container; $container->bind("foo", function () { return "foo"; }); $container->resolving("foo", function () { $_SERVER["__test.rebind"] = true; }); $container->rebinding("foo", function ($container,$object) {//會立即解析 $container["foobar"] = $object."bar"; }); $this->assertTrue($_SERVER["__test.rebind"]); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $this->assertEquals("bar", $container["foobar"]); }resolving 特性 resolving 回調(diào)的類型
resolving 不僅可以針對接口執(zhí)行回調(diào)函數(shù),還可以針對接口實現(xiàn)的類型進行回調(diào)函數(shù)。
public function testResolvingCallbacksAreCalledForType() { $container = new Container; $container->resolving("StdClass", function ($object) { return $object->name = "taylor"; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { return new StdClass; }); $instance = $container->make("foo"); $this->assertEquals("taylor", $instance->name); } public function testResolvingCallbacksShouldBeFiredWhenCalledWithAliases() { $container = new Container; $container->alias("StdClass", "std"); $container->resolving("std", function ($object) { return $object->name = "taylor"; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { return new StdClass; }); $instance = $container->make("foo"); $this->assertEquals("taylor", $instance->name); }resolving 回調(diào)與 instance
前面講過,對于 singleton 綁定來說,resolving 回調(diào)函數(shù)僅僅運行一次,只在 singleton 第一次解析的時候才會調(diào)用。如果我們利用 instance 直接綁定類的對象,不需要解析,那么 resolving 回調(diào)函數(shù)將不會被調(diào)用:
public function testResolvingCallbacksAreCalledForSpecificAbstracts() { $container = new Container; $container->resolving("foo", function ($object) { return $object->name = "taylor"; }); $obj = new StdClass; $container->instance("foo", $obj); $instance = $container->make("foo"); $this->assertFalse(isset($instance->name)); }extend 擴展特性
extend 用于擴展綁定對象的功能,對于普通綁定來說,這個函數(shù)的位置很靈活:
在綁定前擴展public function testExtendIsLazyInitialized() { ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized = false; $container = new Container; $container->extend("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub", function ($obj, $container) { $obj->init(); return $obj; }); $container->bind("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $this->assertFalse(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $this->assertTrue(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); }在綁定后解析前擴展
public function testExtendIsLazyInitialized() { ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized = false; $container = new Container; $container->bind("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $container->extend("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub", function ($obj, $container) { $obj->init(); return $obj; }); $this->assertFalse(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $this->assertTrue(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); }在解析后擴展
public function testExtendIsLazyInitialized() { ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized = false; $container = new Container; $container->bind("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $this->assertFalse(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); $container->extend("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub", function ($obj, $container) { $obj->init(); return $obj; }); $this->assertFalse(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerLazyExtendStub"); $this->assertTrue(ContainerLazyExtendStub::$initialized); }
可以看出,無論在哪個位置,extend 擴展都有 lazy 初始化的特點,也就是使用 extend 函數(shù)并不會立即起作用,而是要等到 make 解析才會激活。
extend 與 instance 綁定對于 instance 綁定來說,暫時 extend 的位置需要位于 instance 之后才會起作用,并且會立即起作用,沒有 lazy 的特點:
public function testExtendInstancesArePreserved() { $container = new Container; $obj = new StdClass; $obj->foo = "foo"; $container->instance("foo", $obj); $container->extend("foo", function ($obj, $container) { $obj->bar = "baz"; return $obj; }); $this->assertEquals("foo", $container->make("foo")->foo); $this->assertEquals("baz", $container->make("foo")->bar); }extend 綁定與 rebind 回調(diào)
無論擴展對象是 instance 綁定還是 bind 綁定,extend 都會啟動 rebind 回調(diào)函數(shù):
public function testExtendReBindingInstance() { $_SERVER["_test_rebind"] = false; $container = new Container; $container->rebinding("foo",function (){ $_SERVER["_test_rebind"] = true; }); $obj = new StdClass; $container->instance("foo",$obj); $container->make("foo"); $container->extend("foo", function ($obj, $container) { return $obj; }); this->assertTrue($_SERVER["_test_rebind"]); } public function testExtendReBinding() { $_SERVER["_test_rebind"] = false; $container = new Container; $container->rebinding("foo",function (){ $_SERVER["_test_rebind"] = true; }); $container->bind("foo",function (){ $obj = new StdClass; return $obj; }); $container->make("foo"); $container->extend("foo", function ($obj, $container) { return $obj; }); this->assertFalse($_SERVER["_test_rebind"]); }contextual 綁定特性 contextual 在綁定前
contextual 綁定不僅可以與 bind 綁定合作,相互不干擾,還可以與 instance 綁定相互合作。而且 instance 的位置也很靈活,可以在 contextual 綁定前,也可以在contextual 綁定后:
public function testContextualBindingWorksForExistingInstancedBindings() { $container = new Container; $container->instance("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub", new ContainerImplementationStub); $container->when("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->needs("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub")->give("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo"); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->impl ); }contextual 在綁定后
public function testContextualBindingWorksForNewlyInstancedBindings() { $container = new Container; $container->when("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->needs("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub")->give("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo"); $container->instance("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub", new ContainerImplementationStub); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->impl ); }contextual 綁定與別名
contextual 綁定也可以在別名上進行,無論賦予別名的位置是 contextual 的前面還是后面:
public function testContextualBindingDoesntOverrideNonContextualResolution() { $container = new Container; $container->instance("stub", new ContainerImplementationStub); $container->alias("stub", "IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub"); $container->when("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectTwo")->needs("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub")->give("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo"); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectTwo")->impl ); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStub", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->impl ); } public function testContextualBindingWorksOnNewAliasedBindings() { $container = new Container; $container->when("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->needs("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub")->give("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo"); $container->bind("stub", ContainerImplementationStub::class); $container->alias("stub", "IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub"); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->impl ); }爭議
目前比較有爭議的是下面的情況:
public function testContextualBindingWorksOnExistingAliasedInstances() { $container = new Container; $container->alias("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub", "stub"); $container->instance("stub", new ContainerImplementationStub); $container->when("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->needs("stub")->give("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo"); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->impl ); }
由于instance的特性,當別名被綁定到其他對象上時,別名 stub 已經(jīng)失去了與 IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub 之間的關(guān)系,因此不能使用 stub 代替作上下文綁定。
但是另一方面:
public function testContextualBindingWorksOnBoundAlias() { $container = new Container; $container->alias("IlluminateTestsContainerIContainerContractStub", "stub"); $container->bind("stub", ContainerImplementationStub::class); $container->when("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->needs("stub")->give("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo"); $this->assertInstanceOf( "IlluminateTestsContainerContainerImplementationStubTwo", $container->make("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestContextInjectOne")->impl ); }
代碼只是從 instance 綁定改為 bind 綁定,由于 bind 綁定只切斷了別名中的 alias 數(shù)組的聯(lián)系,并沒有斷絕abstractAlias數(shù)組的聯(lián)系,因此這段代碼卻可以通過,很讓人難以理解。本人在給 Taylor Otwell 提出 PR 時,作者原話為“I"m not making any of these changes to the container on a patch release.”。也許,在以后(5.5或以后)版本作者會更新這里的邏輯,我們就可以看看服務容器對別名綁定的態(tài)度了,大家也最好不要這樣用。
服務容器中的閉包函數(shù)參數(shù)服務容器中很多函數(shù)都有閉包函數(shù),這些閉包函數(shù)可以放入特定的參數(shù),在綁定或者解析過程中,這些參數(shù)會被服務容器自動帶入各種類對象或者服務容器實例。
bind 閉包參數(shù)public function testAliasesWithArrayOfParameters() { $container = new Container; $container->bind("foo", function ($app, $config) { return $config; }); $container->alias("foo", "baz"); $this->assertEquals([1, 2, 3], $container->makeWith("baz", [1, 2, 3])); }extend 閉包參數(shù)
public function testExtendedBindings() { $container = new Container; $container["foo"] = "foo’; $container->extend("foo", function ($old, $container) { return $old."bar’; }); $this->assertEquals("foobar", $container->make("foo")); $container = new Container; $container->singleton("foo", function () { return (object) ["name" => "taylor"]; }); $container->extend("foo", function ($old, $container) { $old->age = 26; return $old; }); $result = $container->make("foo"); $this->assertEquals("taylor", $result->name); $this->assertEquals(26, $result->age); $this->assertSame($result, $container->make("foo")); }bindmethod 閉包參數(shù)
public function testCallWithBoundMethod() { $container = new Container; $container->bindMethod("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestCallStub@unresolvable", function ($stub,$container) { $container["foo"] = "foo"; return $stub->unresolvable("foo", "bar"); }); $result = $container->call("IlluminateTestsContainerContainerTestCallStub@unresolvable"); $this->assertEquals(["foo", "bar"], $result); $this->assertEquals("foo",$container["foo"]); }resolve 閉包參數(shù)
public function testResolvingCallbacksAreCalledForSpecificAbstracts() { $container = new Container; $container->resolving("foo", function ($object,$container) { return $object->name = "taylor"; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { return new StdClass; }); $instance = $container->make("foo"); $this->assertEquals("taylor", $instance->name); }rebinding 閉包參數(shù)
public function testReboundListeners() { $container = new Container; $container->bind("foo", function () { return "foo"; }); $container->rebinding("foo", function ($container,$object) { $container["bar"] = $object."bar"; }); $container->bind("foo", function () { }); $this->assertEquals("bar",$container["foobar"]); }
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