摘要：今天整理了一下在項(xiàng)目中如何使用環(huán)境如下第一步在中配置和配置如下可以同時(shí)使用和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎你要存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的庫(kù)名，事先要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶名密碼主機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使用的端口連接中數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱為的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)第二步向中插入數(shù)據(jù)插入類型數(shù)據(jù)插入數(shù)據(jù)格式為插入含有的數(shù)據(jù)用

今天整理了一下在django項(xiàng)目中如何使用mongodb, 環(huán)境如下：
ubuntu18.04, django2.0.5, drf3.9, mongoengine0.16

第一步：在settings.py中配置mongodb和mysql,配置如下(可以同時(shí)使用mysql和mongodb):

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",   # 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎
        "NAME": "django_test2",                  # 你要存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的庫(kù)名，事先要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建之
        "USER": "root",                         # 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶名
        "PASSWORD": "wyzane",                     # 密碼
        "HOST": "localhost",                    # 主機(jī)
        "PORT": "3306",                         # 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使用的端口
    },
    "mongotest": {
        "ENGINE": None,
    }
}

import mongoengine
# 連接mongodb中數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱為mongotest5的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
conn = mongoengine.connect("mongotest")

第二步：向mongodb中插入數(shù)據(jù)
1.插入json類型數(shù)據(jù)

models.py:
    import mongoengine
    class StudentModel(mongoengine.Document):
        name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
        age = mongoengine.IntField()
        password = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)

views.py:
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    class FirstMongoView(APIView):
        def post(self, request):
            name = request.data["name"]
            age = request.data["age"]
            password = request.data["password"]
            StudentModel.objects.create(name=name, age=age, password=password)
            return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))

插入數(shù)據(jù)格式為:

{
    "name": "nihao",
    "age": 18,
    "password": "123456"
}

2.插入含有l(wèi)ist的json數(shù)據(jù)

models.py:
    import mongoengine
    class Student2Model(mongoengine.Document):
        name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
        # 用于存儲(chǔ)list類型的數(shù)據(jù)
        score = mongoengine.ListField()

views.py:
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    class FirstMongo2View(APIView):
        def post(self, request):
            name = request.data["name"]
            score = request.data["score"]
            Student2Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score)
            return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))

插入數(shù)據(jù)格式為：

{
     "name": "test",
     "score": [12, 13]
}

3.插入含有dict和list的復(fù)雜json數(shù)據(jù)

models.py:
    import mongoengine
    class Student3Model(mongoengine.Document):
        name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
        # DictField用于存儲(chǔ)字典類型的數(shù)據(jù)
        score = mongoengine.DictField()
views.py:
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    class FirstMongo3View(APIView):
        def post(self, request):
            name = request.data["name"]
            score = request.data["score"]
            Student3Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score)
            return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))

插入數(shù)據(jù)格式為:

{
    "name": "test",
    "score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": 13}
}
或者:
{
    "name": "test",
    "score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": 14}}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": 18}}}
}
或者:
{
"name": "test",
"score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": [12,13,14]}}}
}

第三步：查詢mongodb中的數(shù)據(jù)
1.查詢并序列化復(fù)雜json數(shù)據(jù)

serializers.py:
    class StudentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
        name = serializers.CharField()
        score = serializers.DictField()  # 序列化復(fù)雜的json數(shù)據(jù)
        # DictField與EmbeddedDocumentField類似，但是比EmbeddedDocumentField更靈活
views.py:
    class FirstMongo4View(APIView):
        def get(self, request):
            student_info = Student3Model.objects.all()
            # 增加過(guò)濾條件
            # student_info = Student3Model.objects.filter(name="test1")
            ser = StudentSerializer(instance=student_info, many=True)
            return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))

2.序列化mongodb中含有嵌套關(guān)系的兩個(gè)document

models.py:
    class AuthorModel(mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument):
        author_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32)
        age = mongoengine.IntField()


    class BookModel(mongoengine.Document):
        book_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=64)
        publish = mongoengine.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
        words = mongoengine.IntField()
        author = mongoengine.EmbeddedDocumentField(AuthorModel)

serializers.py: 序列化時(shí)注意與rest_framework的序列化中DictField()的區(qū)別
    from rest_framework_mongoengine import serializers as s1
    class AuthorSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer):  
        # DocumentSerializer繼承自drf中的ModelSerializer，用于代替ModelSerializer序列化mongodb中的document.
        # 具體可以到官網(wǎng)上查看
        class Meta:
            model = AuthorModel
            fields = ("author_name", "age")


    class BookSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer):
        author = AuthorSerializer()

        class Meta:
            model = BookModel
            fields = ("book_name", "publish", "words", "author")

    AuthorSerializer還可以這樣寫:
    class AuthorSerializer(s1.EmbeddedDocumentSerializer):
        # EmbeddedDocumentSerializer繼承了DocumentSerializer
        class Meta:
            model = AuthorModel
            fields = ("author_name", "age")

views.py:
    class BookView(APIView):
        def get(self, request):
            """
            查詢數(shù)據(jù)
            :param request:
            :return:
            """
            books = BookModel.objects.all()
            ser = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
            return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))

序列化mongodb中相關(guān)聯(lián)的兩個(gè)表時(shí)，如果序列化器繼承自rest_framework中的Serializer和ModelSerializer，會(huì)拋出如下異常：

Django serialization to JSON error: "MetaDict" object has no attribute "concrete_model"

此時(shí)，序列化器需要繼承自rest_framework_mongoengine的類，具體可以查看官網(wǎng)：
http://umutbozkurt.github.io/...

今天就聊到這里，如有問(wèn)題，歡迎交流。