摘要:前言操作的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn),有時(shí)只建了的賬號(hào),可以通過連接,有時(shí)候卻不可以,網(wǎng)上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動(dòng)測(cè)試一波兩種連接方法這里說的兩種連接方法指是執(zhí)行命令時(shí),參數(shù)填的是還是兩種連接方式的區(qū)別如下參數(shù)為當(dāng)參數(shù)為的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是使用連接
1 前言
操作MySQL的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn),有時(shí)只建了%的賬號(hào),可以通過localhost連接,有時(shí)候卻不可以,網(wǎng)上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動(dòng)測(cè)試一波
2 兩種連接方法這里說的兩種連接方法指是執(zhí)行mysql命令時(shí),-h參數(shù)填的是localhost還是IP, 兩種連接方式的區(qū)別如下
-h 參數(shù)為 localhost當(dāng)-h參數(shù)為localhost的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是使用socket連接的(默認(rèn)連接方式), 實(shí)例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
從Current user可以看到用戶是xx@localhost, 連接方式為Localhost via UNIX socket
-h 參數(shù)為 IP當(dāng)-h參數(shù)為IP的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是使用TCP連接的, 實(shí)例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8
從Current user可以看到用戶是[email protected], 連接方式為TCP/IP
3 不同版本的差別測(cè)試方法就是看能不能連接,如果不想看測(cè)試過程可以拉到最后看結(jié)論
3.1 MySQL 8.0 創(chuàng)建用戶mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.11 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ...使用 IP 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL) Connection id: 8 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結(jié)果顯示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost
3.2 MySQL 5.7 創(chuàng)建 % 用戶db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 9 Current database: Current user: test_user@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket ....使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 11 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 ...
結(jié)果顯示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost
3.3 MySQL 5.6 創(chuàng)建用戶db83-3306>>select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.10-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP ...... --------------
結(jié)果顯示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost
3.4 MySQL 5.1 創(chuàng)建用戶mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.1.73 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)使用 IP 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 4901339 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution ========= 省略 =========== mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 4901339 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結(jié)果顯示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost
3.5 MariaDB 10.3 創(chuàng)建用戶db83-3306>>select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.3.11-MariaDB-log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) db83-3306>>create user test_user@"%" identified by "test_user"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "test_user"@"localhost" (using password: YES)使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server ========= 省略 =========== MariaDB [(none)]> status -------------- /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: "" Using delimiter: ; Server: MariaDB Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結(jié)果顯示MariaDB 10.3的%不包括localhost
4 結(jié)論版本 | 用戶中的%是否包括localhost |
---|---|
MySQL8.0 | 包括 |
MySQL5.7 | 包括 |
MySQL5.6 | 不包括 |
MySQL5.1 | 不包括 |
MariaDB 10.3 | 不包括 |
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